In the wake of the genocide in Gaza, a major political, economic and humanitarian effort is required to rebuild Gaza and the West Bank, as well as to restore relations between Israel and Palestine. As two leading middle powers, Turkey and Spain have spoken out firmly in defence of the rights of the Palestinian people, the reconstruction of Gaza and the two-state solution. Both countries share certain common views and could make a positive contribution to the stabilisation and prosperity of the Middle East.

What can Spain and Turkey do together to redirect this process towards a common goal? Is there any way to make progress in the current context of regional conflict? The main aim of this document is to analyse the current situation and explore ways to strengthen the role and leadership of both governments in this endeavour—the common ground and the differences—whilst building broad coalitions in Europe and across the Islamic and Arab world to achieve a fair, balanced and lasting resolution to the conflict.